Technical Papers

The BriPower ZGX CSP (Current Scaling Parallelization) option increases split-phase current capability through internal three-phase output aggregation and synchronization of two ZGX systems with a precise 180° phase offset. The document compares a conventional configuration delivering 60 A between L1 and L2 with a CSP-enhanced configuration delivering up to 90 A. CSP maintains stable phase relationships while simplifying system integration and connectivity. Stated applications include split-phase grid simulation, high-current AC testing, EV and charger validation, aerospace and defense power testing, industrial power conversion testing, and heavy-duty load simulation.

The BriPower ZGX CSP (Current Scaling Parallelization) option aggregates a unit's internal three-phase outputs into a single-phase output and synchronizes a second unit at a 180° phase offset to create an L1–L2–N split-phase supply. For examples using 35 A per phase units, the document states 70 A total L1–L2 output current for the conventional configuration versus 90 A for the two-unit CSP configuration. A separate 200 A split-phase example specifies four ZGX 20 kVA units with CSP versus six conventional units. The architecture provides automatic synchronization and control coordination, with applications including split-phase grid simulation, EV and charger validation, industrial power conversion testing, and aerospace and defense power testing.

The BriPower ZGX series provides bipolar DC output through two-port and three-port connections for applications requiring positive and negative voltages. In two-port mode, any two output phases can be selected and their polarities reversed; ZGX15 provides 10 kW output with voltage and current ranges of ±1272 V and ±30 A. In three-port mode, phases A and B provide positive and negative outputs with their neutral terminals joined as PE; ZGX15 provides 10 kW with ranges of ±636 V and ±30 A, and the positive and negative voltage magnitudes may be equal or different. The ZGX series uses SiC main-circuit power devices in a compact modular 4U chassis, with a maximum single-unit output of 20 kW and master-slave parallel connection for power expansion.

The document describes the BriPower ZGX15 grid simulation power source for EV charging pile and on-board charger testing, emphasizing low output-side capacitance to minimize leakage current and unintended residual current device (RCD) tripping. Tests at a three-phase output setting of 220 V line-to-neutral measured grounding-wire leakage current of 9.2 mA at no load and 8.9 mA with a 10 Ω resistor connected to each output phase. Both measurements were below 10 mA, which the document presents as evidence that the source avoids false RCD triggering in practical applications. The document also cites charging safety standards in its discussion of leakage-current protection requirements.

The document presents the BriPower KGS Series as a SiC-based switching-mode power amplifier connecting a digital real-time simulator to power devices in Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) testing. It specifies four-quadrant operation, an output frequency range from DC to 5 kHz, a 10 kHz small-signal bandwidth, and an analog interface that amplifies instantaneous signals rather than RMS values. Bench tests using 1 kHz triangular and sinusoidal input signals demonstrate output response times below 20 µs in constant-voltage and constant-current modes, respectively. The document explains voltage-source testing for grid-following inverters and current-source testing for grid-forming inverters, with three-phase analog control and measurement interfaces supporting closed-loop PHIL integration.

The document describes pre-compliance short-circuit protection testing for photovoltaic inverters and energy storage converters exposed to power grid faults. It references Article 7.11 of GB/T37409 for inter-phase and phase-to-neutral short-circuit tests. BriPower ESA, KGS, and ZGX series support short-circuit output operation and enter current-limiting mode when a short circuit occurs. Using a ZGX 15, the document demonstrates Phase A-to-neutral and Phase A-to-Phase C faults created by closing a circuit breaker after enabling the output, with recorded current waveforms for both cases.

BriPower ZGX and KGS modular AC/DC sources and loads offer a reverse output mode that doubles the voltage range by setting two phases 180 degrees apart. Using the ZGX 15 series, the document demonstrates phases A and B set to 90 and 270 degrees at 450 V each, producing an output described as 900 V L-N between A and B. Setting the frequency to 0 Hz produces a stated 636 V DC per phase and 1272 V DC between the phases. The SiC-based platforms also support grid simulation, regenerative AC/DC and RLC loading, bidirectional and bipolar DC supply operation, and power amplification for hardware-in-loop testing.

BriPower ESA, KGS, and ZGX grid simulators use a transformer-front design to support high-voltage, low-voltage, and continuous fault ride-through testing for photovoltaic inverters and energy storage converters. The document references GB/T 34120-2023 requirements for energy storage converters, including high-voltage and continuous fault ride-through, dynamic reactive power support, and active power during voltage faults. IGBT-based ESA simulators have stated voltage rise and drop times below 1 ms, while SiC-based KGS and ZGX simulators have stated times below 150 µs. Open-circuit examples demonstrate ZGX15 transitions between 450 V L-N and 0 V, including a rise below 100 µs, and ESA 120-350-181-R transitions between 350 V L-N and 0 V in less than 1 ms. The continuous ride-through example uses three low-high voltage ride-throughs, with a single fault duration and an interval of 100 ms each.

The document describes BriPower ZGX and KGS SiC-based AC/DC power sources for aircraft electrical equipment power supply adaptability testing. HB 20326.7-2016 specifies an HDC201 power supply conversion interruption test requiring DC voltage transitions between steady state and 0 V within 250 µs. Under open-circuit output conditions, the ZGX demonstrates a DC voltage rise from 0 to 636 V in less than 190 µs and a fall from 636 to 0 V in less than 200 µs. The document states that these sources meet relevant aviation simulation power source requirements and notes similar requirements in MIL-STD-704.

BriPower delivered an integrated broadband voltage injection and high-voltage impedance measurement platform to a customer facility in Nanjing, Jiangsu, for converter-grid interaction and stability studies. The injection subsystem uses transformer-coupled SiC-based linear amplifiers and adjustable series-resonance RLC networks to apply positive- and negative-sequence perturbations from 2 Hz to 2 kHz, with amplitudes of 1%–5% of rated voltage and injection error below 0.5%. The 35 kV measurement subsystem combines fiber-optic current sensing and capacitive-resistive voltage dividers with sensor bandwidth greater than 10 kHz and sampling at ≥50 kHz. Software supports standardized automated scans, custom injection profiles, and user-defined impedance algorithms, while validation includes 500-point calibrated RLC reference testing and scans on photovoltaic and energy storage converters.

BriPower delivered an upgraded high-power bias supply control system to the HL-3 Tokamak in Chengdu, China, supporting divertor target plate bias-driven scrape-off layer (SOL) helical current control and Edge Localized Mode (ELM) suppression studies. The document reports an increase in maximum output voltage from 500 V to 700 V and practical current capability from approximately 500 A to the 1000 A design target, with a stated 1–50 kW power range, adjustable 0–5 s pulses, and flat-top voltage ripple below 1% full scale. Real-time control features include a sampling and DSP calculation cycle below 3 μs, output state transitions below 5 ms, and a power-device switching cycle below 0.2 ms. Integration with HL-3 CODIS supports DT-ready remote operation, with implementation-dependent Modbus or CDA/EPICS communication, redundant fail-safe fiber-optic interlocks, and UPS backup. Validation includes factory acceptance testing, delivery inspection, and joint experimental acceptance during actual Tokamak operational cycles.

This catalog principally presents the ZGX, KGS, ESA, ESD and BSL families of programmable power sources and regenerative loads, including their operating modes, simulation functions, specifications and configuration options. ZGX and KGS use SiC-based conversion and support bidirectional AC/DC operation, harmonic generation, RLC/RCD load simulation and power amplification for dynamic testing. ESA provides configurable high-power AC sourcing and optional grid simulation and regenerative loading, while ESD and BSL provide DC sourcing, regenerative loading, battery testing and simulation, and photovoltaic I–V simulation. Documented testing capabilities include grid disturbances and ride-through, anti-islanding, power-quality waveforms, battery charge/discharge profiles, static and dynamic MPPT, and closed-loop PHIL validation.

The document compares grid simulator topologies for low-voltage and high-voltage ride-through testing, focusing on transient waveform accuracy during voltage sags, swells, and recovery. It attributes distortion and delayed recovery in output-side line-frequency transformer designs to magnetic core saturation, citing a wind farm LVRT test with a sag to 20% and approximately 200 ms recovery. These effects can compromise test repeatability, trigger incorrect DUT protection responses, and distort assessments of dynamic reactive power support. The document recommends input-side transformers, high-frequency isolation, or transformerless converter architectures, describing sub-millisecond response, low harmonic distortion, and four-quadrant operation as benefits.

The document argues that output-side line-frequency transformers in grid simulators saturate during rapid LVRT/HVRT voltage transitions, causing magnetizing-current surges, waveform distortion, and loss of voltage control. It presents measured wind-farm LVRT waveforms for a 20% voltage sag event and reports approximately 200 ms recovery with severe clipping and distortion. These effects are described as compromising test repeatability, triggering false DUT failures, and undermining assessment of dynamic reactive-current support. The document recommends input-side transformer placement, high-frequency isolation before the controlled output stage, or transformerless multilevel and cascaded H-bridge architectures to improve transient response and waveform fidelity.

The BriPower ESD Series is an IGBT-based PWM switching DC power supply with dual DSP+FPGA control, configurable outputs, and master-slave parallel scaling up to 10 MW, with voltage configurations up to 50 kV. It supports CV, CC, CP, and CR operation, with standard current rise time below 3 ms and voltage regulation transient below 2 ms; the optional high-performance configuration provides current rise time below 1 ms. Optional modules provide bidirectional sourcing and sinking, regenerative DC loading, battery simulation, PV simulation, low-voltage operation, and isolated dual-channel outputs. Applications include battery cycling, EV drivetrain and charger testing, energy storage testing, DC/DC converter testing, and static and dynamic PV inverter MPPT testing according to EN 50530:2010. Integration features include a Windows-based touchscreen GUI, sequence programming, waveform capture, remote sensing, LAN and RS485 interfaces, and optional Modbus, SCPI, and CAN-bus communication.

The document compares BriPower ESD's unified high-power architecture with traditional master/slave paralleling of low-power DC sources at megawatt scale. It attributes circulating currents and reliability problems in parallel arrays to component tolerances, temperature drift, line impedance mismatches, and asynchronous control-loop responses. BriPower ESD is presented as addressing these issues through large-format metal-film capacitors, low-frequency internal isolation transformers, and fully sealed integrated power modules. The document claims capacitor lifespans exceeding 100,000 hours versus 5,000 hours for the compared electrolytic designs, alongside reduced insulation-aging and surface-creepage risks, but provides no detailed validation procedure or measured reliability dataset.

The document reviews unintended current through SENSE cables and electric shock hazards associated with incomplete power supply output isolation. The implemented AC input architecture uses five dedicated terminal blocks and five individual AC contactors controlled simultaneously by a common rocker switch. On the DC output side, six normally-open, de-energized relays provide emergency disconnection, with coordinated switching of both output poles and remote-sensing connections shown in the diagram. Recommendations include SENSE connection interlock monitoring, high-voltage warning labels, periodic relay and contactor verification, and output-active and isolation-confirmed indicators.

The BriPower ESA and MVGS Series provide PQ Control Mode and Fixed Phase Difference Mode for grid simulation, renewable energy integration, power system research, and equipment validation. PQ Control Mode independently regulates active and reactive power, supporting bidirectional power flow, four-quadrant operation, and programmable scheduling curves that reproduce solar and wind generation variability. It supports Solid-State Transformer and Soft Open Point validation through simulations of power transfer, load balancing, and distribution-grid interconnection. Fixed Phase Difference Mode continuously tracks the input voltage phase while maintaining a predefined output phase offset regardless of transferred power. The document states that the platforms remain operational without tripping during single-phase grounding faults at input or output grid connections.

The document compares traditional onboard analog control interfaces with BriPower EXDA, a standalone Analog & Digital IO Extension Box connected to the power cabinet through a digital fiber-optic link. For the ZGX host, EXDA specifies 500 kHz sampling, a maximum end-to-end latency of 20 μs, and 10 kHz small-signal bandwidth, supporting real-time PHIL simulation, grid harmonic injection, and motor drive emulation. Fixed command gains of 66.5 V/V and 10 A/V replace percentage-based scaling, while separate signal conditioning and fiber-optic galvanic isolation address inverter switching interference. EXDA provides eight analog inputs, four analog outputs, and four digital inputs/four digital outputs for integration and interlocking; the document prohibits connecting or disconnecting SMA connectors while energized. Traditional onboard interfaces are positioned as cost-effective for steady-state PLC control, whereas EXDA is recommended for high-dynamic closed-loop applications.

The document evaluates the ZGX Series for ultra-low-frequency AC excitation testing of transformers, sensors, and motor drives, using a SiC-based high-frequency topology and dual-DSP control architecture. Resistive-load tests at 100 V, 200 V, and 400 V cover selected frequencies from 0.05–1 Hz, with 50 Hz reference measurements at 200 V and 400 V; tabulated voltage-error magnitudes remain below 0.9%. The document's frequency-tracking conclusion conflicts with several 100 V table entries, and its claim of error within +0.2% at all tested 200 V frequencies slightly conflicts with the tabulated 0.205% at 50 Hz. Additional capabilities include four-quadrant regenerative operation, RLC/RCD load simulation, harmonic synthesis and FFT analysis, bipolar DC output, and PHIL operation with an EXDA expansion box.

This paper compares grid simulator topologies for low-voltage and high-voltage ride-through testing, focusing on transient response and test validity. It attributes waveform distortion, magnetizing-current surges, and delayed recovery in output-side line-frequency transformer designs to transient core saturation. Measured waveforms from a wind farm LVRT test with a voltage sag to 20% show significant distortion and approximately 200 ms recovery time. The paper recommends input-side transformer, high-frequency isolation, or direct transformerless designs, citing fast voltage transitions, low harmonic distortion, and four-quadrant operation as benefits for accurate ride-through and dynamic reactive-support assessment.

The ZGX series is a modular, bidirectional AC/DC power source and load using SiC PWM technology, with grid, battery and PV simulation capabilities. A 15 kVA unit occupies a 4U chassis, with master/slave paralleling supporting systems up to 960 kVA; stated maximum unit outputs are AC 450 V L-N, 30 A/ph or DC 636 V, 90 A. Waveform demonstrations show AC voltage transitions between 0 and 450 V L-N in less than 130 µs and AC current transitions between 0 and 30 A in less than 140 µs. DC demonstrations show a 636-to-0 V drop in less than 180 µs, a 0-to-636 V rise in less than 120 µs, and current rises from 0 to 30 A in less than 100 µs and from -30 to 30 A in less than 180 µs. The document describes true current feedback control and AC, DC and AC+DC operation, although one sentence in the current-control discussion names KGS rather than ZGX.

The BriPower KGS Series is an AC/DC power source/load using SiC MOSFET PWM technology, with output power levels from 15 kVA to 1080 kVA and an output frequency range from DC to 5 kHz. It supports AC, DC, and AC+DC output modes, including DC source and sink operation, and uses true current feedback in current-source mode. Stated slew rates are ≥5 V/µs for voltage and ≥0.5 A/µs for current; demonstrated AC voltage transitions between 0 and 450 V L-N and AC current transitions between 0 and 70 A take less than 100 µs. No-load tests show a 50 Hz to 5000 Hz frequency change in less than 10 µs, a 600 V to 0 V DC drop in less than 130 µs, and a 0 V to 600 V DC rise in less than 115 µs. Resistive-load DC current tests demonstrate 0 A to 70 A in less than 90 µs and -70 A to 70 A in less than 170 µs.

The document compares BriPower ESD's unified high-power architecture with traditional master/slave paralleling of low-power DC sources at megawatt scale. It attributes circulating currents, energy losses and equipment stress to voltage tolerances, temperature drift, line-impedance mismatches and asynchronous control-loop responses. BriPower ESD is presented as addressing these vulnerabilities through large-format metal-film capacitors, low-frequency internal isolation transformers and sealed integrated power modules. The document claims capacitor lifetimes exceeding 100,000 hours versus 5,000 hours for the compared electrolytic designs, alongside reduced insulation and humidity-related creepage risks, but provides no detailed verification procedure or measured reliability results.

This report characterizes ZGX AC output under purely resistive loading, using a three-phase parallel output configuration, a power analyzer and an oscilloscope. The results table covers 100 V with 1.3 ohm loading at 0.05–1 Hz, 200 V with 10 ohm loading at 0.07–1 Hz and 50 Hz, and 400 V with 20 ohm loading at 0.1–1 Hz and 50 Hz; additional oscilloscope captures are labeled 100 V at 0.03 Hz and 0.04 Hz. Tabulated measured voltages span 99.12–100.43 V, 200.38–200.41 V and 400.87–401.24 V for the respective voltage settings, with measured frequencies below the corresponding setpoints. The document provides measurement records and waveform captures but does not specify acceptance criteria or a formal pass/fail conclusion.

This guide explains the ZGX Series front and rear interfaces, LED status diagnostics, touchscreen configuration, power activation sequence, and LAN connectivity. Operating modes include constant-voltage and constant-current sourcing and regenerative loading, with stated grid-return efficiency greater than 85%. Users can select AC, DC, or AC+DC output and standard, sequence, or analog control; entered parameters become active only after pressing SET, followed by POWER ON and OUTPUT ON to energize the terminals. Safety guidance requires disabling unused remote sense, activating the external emergency-stop interface in software when required, and resolving physical fault causes before resetting software alarms.

This white paper discusses polarity-switching DC power for contactor pick-up/drop-out measurements and reverse-polarity protection testing in automotive electronics and photovoltaic systems. It attributes artificially low pick-up readings to magnetic remanence and advocates alternating DC polarity to eliminate its influence, while warning against using AC excitation on DC contactor coils. The document links its recommended procedures to IEC, GB and ISO standards and provides sample SOP wording for type tests, routine verification and reverse-voltage testing. Implementation options include a single-output DC supply with a DPDT reversing switch or a programmable bipolar DC supply for automated, repeatable testing; no specific BriPower series is identified.